neurodermatitis

Understanding Neurodermatitis

Neurodermatitis, also known as atopic eczema or atopic dermatitis, is a non-contagious, chronic skin disease that occurs in bouts and is characterized by severely inflamed, extremely dry and sensitive skin. The skin barrier is severely impaired in neurodermatitis, which leads to high moisture loss and increased susceptibility to microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. The main symptom is intense itching, which often leads to severe scratching in those affected, which further irritates the skin.

Symptoms and skin changes in neurodermatitis

During a flare-up, itchy and weeping eczema occurs, which can develop into blisters. Typical skin areas include the crooks of the arms, backs of the knees, hands, face and neck. The itching can be particularly severe at night and cause sleep problems, which affects the quality of life. Neurodermatitis can first appear in childhood and often improve during puberty. In adults, however, flare-ups can become more frequent due to hormonal changes, stress or external influences.

Neurodermatitis in Children

Children are particularly often affected by neurodermatitis. In infants, atopic eczema usually appears on the cheeks, forehead and scalp, and later in the crooks of the arms and knees. The children often react sensitively to external stimuli and scratch a lot, which makes the eczema worse. Cradle cap on the scalp, which can be confused with cradle cap, is a common symptom.

Neurodermatitis in Adulthood

Many adults experience flare-ups of atopic dermatitis, especially due to hormonal changes such as pregnancy or menopause. For older adults, the sudden return of symptoms can be particularly distressing.

causes and risk factors

Neurodermatitis is considered to be genetically influenced. The disease occurs more frequently in children if one or both parents are also affected. In addition to genetic factors, external influences and the immune system also play a role. Allergens, food intolerances, environmental influences and psychological stress can trigger or intensify neurodermatitis attacks.

The role of the skin barrier

The skin barrier protects the body from moisture loss, pathogens and UV radiation. In neurodermatitis, this protective layer is disrupted, allowing moisture to escape and harmful microorganisms to penetrate more easily. A weakened skin barrier also makes the skin more susceptible to inflammation and infections, as the natural skin flora is also disrupted.

Skin Care for Neurodermatitis

Proper skin care is an essential component in relieving the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Skin care should be focused on building and protecting the skin barrier.

• Emulsifier-free creams: Emulsifier-free products with a derma membrane structure (DMS) stabilize the skin barrier by providing skin-like lipids and preventing moisture loss. The myrto organic face creams are based on this technology to strengthen the skin's protective barrier.
• Avoid irritants: Skin with neurodermatitis is sensitive to additives such as fragrances, alcohol, preservatives and essential oils. Products without these additives are more suitable for sensitive skin.
• Avoid peelings: Peelings weaken the skin barrier and promote inflammation. They should be avoided on neurodermatitis skin to avoid increasing itching and dryness.
• Gentle cleansing: Choose a mild, surfactant-free cleanser with anti-inflammatory beta-glucan from oats. Alternatively, rich cleansing oils are suitable for dry and sensitive skin.
• Take a lukewarm, short shower: Avoid hot water and long shower times. Mild organic shampoos and moisturizing shower gels without aggressive surfactants are ideal.

Active ingredients for neurodermatitic skin

• Beta-glucan: This extract from the oat germ layer strengthens the skin barrier. It moisturizes, relieves inflammation and itching.
• Phosphatidylcholine: This skin-like active ingredient from sunflowers improves and repairs the barrier function and helps to retain moisture.
• Linoleic and gamma-linolenic acids: These polyunsaturated fatty acids from grape seed or evening primrose oil intensively care for the skin.
• Squalene and vitamin E: These antioxidant substances promote cell protection and moisture retention.

Medical Treatment Options for Neurodermatitis

For more severe cases, medical treatments are available that can suppress inflammation and alleviate symptoms in the short term.

• Cortisone preparations: Cortisone creams are often prescribed for acute attacks, although cortisone has numerous side effects when used for a long time. These include weight gain, diabetes, eye problems and high blood pressure, but also osteoporosis, thinning skin, acne, hormonal changes and a weakening of the immune system. Cortisone can only suppress the symptoms for a short time, but does not contribute to a cure.
• Calcineurin inhibitors: These drugs also suppress the inflammatory reactions of the skin. Calcineurin inhibitors are considered very effective, but are associated with serious side effects, especially with long-term use. The broad spectrum of side effects ranges from kidney, liver, gastrointestinal and neurological damage to an increased risk of developing infections with a more severe course to an increased risk of skin cancer and lymphatic cancers, which are due to suppression of the immune system.
• Biologics: The monoclonal antibody dupilumab has a targeted effect on the immune system and can potentially help with severe neurodermatitis. However, in 10-25% of all cases, conjunctivitis occurs as an undesirable side effect. Other more common side effects include headaches, allergic reactions or herpes infections of the skin.
• Phototherapy: Light treatments with UV light reduce inflammation, especially in combination with the drug psoralen (PUVA therapy). Common side effects of PUVA therapy are itching, dry skin, redness and sunburn-like reactions. With long-term use, phototherapy leads to premature skin aging. Potential long-term side effects also include eye problems (cataracts) and an increased risk of skin cancer.

Neurodermatitis and the Psyche

Neurodermatitis can be exacerbated by stress and psychological strain, as the skin and psyche are closely linked. Those affected often suffer from social isolation and anxiety, which can further influence the course of the disease.

Nutrition for Neurodermatitis

A balanced, alkaline diet with fresh fruit and vegetables supports the immune system and skin health. Dairy products and sugar should be reduced as they have an acid-forming effect in the body and can lead to intolerances.

Myrto organic care relies on barrier-strengthening ingredients and avoids potentially irritating additives such as emulsifiers, alcohol and fragrances. Emulsifier-free products with a skin-like structure support the skin barrier and help to retain moisture, so that neurodermatitis skin is strengthened and soothed.