Strengthen the skin's acid mantle
What is the acid mantle?
The acid mantle, also known as the hydrolipid film, is our skin's natural defense against environmental pollutants and microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. It is a thin layer of water and fat (sebum and sweat) that protects the outermost layer of skin - consisting of so-called horny cells.
What is the acid mantle made of?
The surface of the skin is covered by a protective film made of the skin's own fats and water. Sebaceous glands produce lipids (fats) which, together with other lipids from the skin barrier and substances from sweat, form the hydrolipid film. This film has a slightly acidic pH value (approx. 4.5 to 5.5), which inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria, as they thrive in a neutral environment. The acid mantle stabilizes the acidic pH value and thus protects against microbes and moisture loss.
Functions of the Acid Mantle
Microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and yeasts usually require a neutral or basic pH value to grow. The slightly acidic pH value of the acid mantle therefore not only protects against microbial pathogens, but also against pollutants from the environment that can cause irritation, itching or skin blemishes. In the long term, the acid mantle also helps to retain moisture in the skin.
The pH value of the skin
The pH value (Latin "potentia hydrogenii") indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and ranges from 0 to 14: a value of 7 is considered neutral, values below acidic, and above alkaline. Compared to the inside of the body, the skin has a slightly acidic pH value of around 5.2 to 5.9, depending on the region of the body. This acidic environment makes it difficult for harmful microorganisms to grow, while it promotes the protective skin flora.
Basic pH in the body vs. acidic pH of the skin
Our body ideally has a slightly alkaline pH value of around 7.4. This is essential for the metabolic processes of the internal organs, for enzyme reactions and cell functions. Why alkaline? A body that is too acidic leads to overacidification (acidosis), which impairs the function of organs and cells. In contrast, the skin ideally has a slightly acidic pH value of around 4.5 to 5.5. The two different pH environments are nevertheless in a harmonious balance because they fulfill different functions and requirements.
Why does the skin need an acidic environment?
The acidic environment of the skin’s own pH value is crucial for the Protection against harmful microorganisms . The acidic pH value protects the skin from pathogens and pollutants. It ensures that harmful bacteria and pathogens cannot multiply on the skin. Skin-protecting bacteria, on the other hand, which preserve the healthy skin flora (microbiome) and strengthen resistance, need precisely this slightly acidic environment. The acidic pH value also improves moisture retention : It supports the integrity of the skin barrier and prevents excessive water loss. Certain enzyme activities , which are responsible for the renewal of the stratum corneum and wound healing, also only function optimally when a slightly acidic environment is present.
How do you recognize a damaged acid mantle?
A damaged acid mantle of the skin often manifests itself through various signs and symptoms, as this natural protective film is responsible for defending against bacteria and environmental influences. Some typical signs that indicate a compromised acid mantle are:
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Dry, flaky skin and feeling of tension
The skin feels rough and dry and often flakes. This occurs because important fats and moisture can no longer be stored. A damaged acid mantle of the skin also causes unpleasant feelings of tension, especially after cleansing the face or after showering. -
sensitivity and redness
The skin reacts more sensitively to external influences such as weather or certain products. Redness, a feeling of heat and a burning or stinging sensation are typical signs of a damaged acid mantle as part of the skin barrier. -
impurities and inflammations
Since the acid mantle acts as a natural barrier against bacteria, pimples, pustules and other skin inflammations can occur more frequently if it is damaged. -
irritation and itching
A disrupted acid mantle causes potentially irritating additives such as fragrances or preservatives to penetrate the skin more easily, which often causes itching and irritation. -
Increased pH value of the skin
The skin usually has a slightly acidic pH value of around 4.5 to 5.5. If the acid mantle is damaged, this value can increase, making the skin more susceptible to bacteria and fungi.
How can you restore a damaged acid mantle?
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Litter
cleaning
Use mild, pH-neutral or slightly acidic cleansing products that respect the skin's natural pH. -
moisturizer
Use products with soothing and moisturizing ingredients such as beta-glucan, hyaluronic acid or aloe vera. -
Avoiding aggressive products
Avoid alcohol-based toners, sharp-edged peelings, facial care products with fragrances or cleansers with sulfate-containing washing substances, as they put additional strain on the skin
Why not use alkaline skin care?
Alkaline skin care products usually have a pH value of 8 to 10. These include classic soaps, solid hair soaps, baking soda deodorants, alkaline baths or common shaving products. When used regularly, alkaline products disrupt the acid mantle. They remove moisture-binding minerals, weaken the skin barrier and make the skin susceptible to dryness, irritation, itching, redness and scaly eczema.
